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Arma Diabolica

Druhý lateránský koncil (r. 1139) zakázal kněžím oblékat se do…

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Armour

In the 14th century, manufacturing capabilities expanded, leading…

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Armoury

The armament of the military garrison or the state armoury of…

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Army

European medieval armies were based on the feudal obligation…

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Astrology

In the Middle Ages, alchemy and apothecary were naturally linked…

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Beverages

There were shortages of clean drinking water (due to pollution…

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Bezoar

The word bezoar originates from Persian and means protection…

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Black Chronicle

Black books, also called pitch-books or blood-books, held information…

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Books and Libraries

Collecting and preserving written records goes back to ancient…

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Carts and Wagons

In the Middle Ages, carts served for travel, agricultural work,…

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Charity

The term charity was understood as benevolence to one’s brethren.…

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Chivalric Orders

The first knightly orders emerged at the end of the 11th century,…

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Chronicles

Since ancient times, educated members of the court or clergy…

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Churches

The church was not just a place of worship, but also an important…

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Coin Minting

Manual coin minting was a complex process in the Middle Ages.After…

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Combat Technique

In the High Middle Ages, new elements of combat techniques and…

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Conciliation Crosses

Conciliation crosses, or simply stones with a cross carved into…

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Construction works

Workshops sprang up around every major construction site and…

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Counterfeiting

At the turn of the 14th century, when the quality of Czech currency…

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Courtliness

Courtliness or courtesy stand for courtly etiquette. The cradle…

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Damascus steel

Damascus steel, also known as damask, damascene, or damask steel,…

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Devils

Demons (Chorts) are mythical and fairy-tale inhabitants of hell…

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Donor

In today’s language, a sponsor. It referred to a wealthy nobleman…

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Dragon Bones

Knowledge of paleontology and the early periods of life on our…

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Dugout Shelters

A dugout shelter is a form of smaller and more makeshift housing,…

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Ecumenical Council

Ecuminical councils were gatherings of church representatives…

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Execution Place

Execution sites were located on hills, crossroads, and outside…

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Fabrics

Both plant and animal fibres were used to make textiles. In the…

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Firearms

Palné zbraně se poprvé objevují v Evropě ve 14. století a hojně…

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Forgery

In the medieval period, forging various documents was quite common.…

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Furniture

By the end of the 15th century, Bohemian furniture was made from…

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Garbage and Waste in Cities

It’s well known that medieval Europe was not particularly hygienic.…

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Golden Horde

Also known as the Great State or the Ulus of Jochi, it was a…

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Gord

Gords or hillforts, sometimes called Burgwalls, were fortified…

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Gothic Architecture

Early Gothic buildings in Bohemia were inspired by France and…

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Gunpowder

Black powder is the oldest known explosive, discovered around…

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Healing Herbs

Herbs played an important role not only in medieval cuisine but…

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Heraldry

Heraldry is the doctrine of characters and symbols depicted on…

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Heykal / Wild Man

The Leshy, also known as Heykal or simply the Wild Man of the…

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Holy Roman Empire

Not only a geographical area of countries following the glory…

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Hospitals and Almshouses

Since ancient times, people have been educated in medicine and…

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Houses and Dwellings

The core of a late medieval house in both village and town consisted…

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Inquisition

The Inquisition (from Latin inquisitio - to search, to inquire)…

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Islam

The origins of Islam are linked to the prophet Muhammad and the…

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Ius Regale Montanorum

The Ius Regale Montanorum is regarded as the oldest Czech mining…

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Land Army

The provincial treasury consisted of the nobility (nobles, lords,…

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Latin

It originated around Rome approximately in the 7th century BC…

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Liturgy

Religious services in the Middle Ages were held quietly and in…

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Locks

Locks and keys have been made from wood since ancient times,…

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Maypole

Erecting maypoles is an old pagan custom that has been preserved…

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Medieval Literature

Since we are in the period before the invention of the printing…

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Metallurgy

Metallurgy is the process of working metal or its alloys, known…

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Morgue

A mortuary was a small, simple structure made of wood or stone,…

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Municipal Finances

Towns and cities always had to look after their budgets, so they…

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Murals

A large part of the population was illiterate during the Middle…

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Old silver mining

Minerály těžené v kutnohorských pásmech, převážně galenit, sfalerit…

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Ore tax

The word urbura comes from the German Urbuhr and means yield…

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Pennants and Banners

In the heat of battle in the Middle Ages, where most of the combatants…

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Pillory

The pillory was located in the middle of the square and was used…

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Popinjay Shoot

It was a shooting competition to celebrate Pentecost (Whitsun),…

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Rathouse and Town Hall

The Town Hall is the seat of the Bailiff and the Council.Originally…

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Ringen

A type of unarmed combat known as Ringen (from the German Ring…

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Roman Catholic Church

In the pre-Hussite period, the church owned extensive property,…

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Safe Conduct

A safe-conduct pass was a document issued by a member of the…

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Schools

Schooling did not develop until the end of the 11th century,…

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Silver mining

Silver mining in Kuttenberg (Kutná Hora) began in the late 13th…

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Skeleton in the Tavern

Anyone who has ever visited the tavern frequented by Kuttenberg’s…

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Slaughterhouse

Slaughterhouses, known as shambles, were fenced areas located…

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Sources of Light

The main source of light after sunset in households was fireplaces…

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St. Wenceslas' Crown

For the coronation of Charles IV as King of Bohemia, a new unique…

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Synagogue

The Jewish prayer hall, used for religious services as well as…

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The Three States of Man

Serving as a figurative description of the ideal medieval society,…

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Thunderstone

Numerous folk tales mention the “thunderstone” – an object that…

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Tithes

A ‘tithe’ was a compulsory tax levied since ancient times. It…

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Tournaments

The first tournaments took place in France in the 10th century…

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Town Gates

City gates (there were always at least two) controlled the comings…

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Towns and Cities

In the Middle Ages, the merchant settlements and villages on…

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University

One of the oldest universities in Europe was Charles University,…

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Venoms and Poisons

…were a relatively common way of solving socio-political problems.…

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Village

Bohemian villages underwent a significant transformation at the…

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Vineyards and Wine Production

Vineyards have had a tradition in Europe since ancient Greece,…

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Water Mills

By the end of the 14th century, most rural towns had an average…

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Water-Driven Sawmills

Water powered sawmills have existed in Europe since the 4th century…

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Weapons

Humans have been using weapons made of wood, stone, bone, and…

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Windmills

Windmills became prevalent in Europe between the 11th and 14th…

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Woods

Forests belonging to the monarch, especially near borders, played…

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